Explanation - Reforming Catholic Confession. Introduction: a reformation to laud, lament, or long for? The Protestant Reformers believed they were contending for “the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints” (Jude 3) and recovering the gospel that some were “so quickly deserting” (Gal. They therefore believed their efforts to be both catholic and evangelical, that is, on behalf of the whole church and for the sake of the integrity of the gospel, particularly the singularity and sufficiency of Christ’s person and saving work (solus Christus). On the eve of the 5. Reformation, however, the narrative that prevails in some quarters focuses on its supposed negative consequences, including secularization, radical individualism, skepticism and, most notably, schism. According to this telling of the story, Protestants necessarily prove to be dividers, not uniters. That the world is divided – by race, class, age, gender, nation, politics, and religion – is as obvious as it is tragic. That Protestants are divided is equally obvious and, given our Lord’s prayer for unity (“that they may be one” – John 1. While we regret the divisions that have followed in its wake, we acknowledge the need for the sixteenth- century Reformation, even as we recognize the hopeful possibilities of the present twenty- first century moment. Not every denominational or doctrinal difference is a division, certainly not an insurmountable one. We dare hope that the unity to which the Reformers aspired may be increasingly realized as today’s “mere” Protestants, like Richard Baxter’s and C. S. Lewis’s “mere Christians,” joyfully join together to bear united witness to the gospel of Jesus Christ and to its length, depth, breadth, and width – in a word, its catholicity. We therefore aim to celebrate the catholic impulse that lies at the heart of the earlier Reformation even as we hope and pray for ever greater displays of our substantial unity in years to come. The challenge to be protestant: from reformation to “reforming catholic”The “catholic” Reformation. The Reformation itself was the culmination of a centuries- long process of reform. More pointedly: the Reformation was quintessentially catholic precisely because of its concern for the triune God of the gospel. The Reformation was as much about catholicity in the formal sense of the term (i. Scripture). The Reformers also affirmed the material sense of catholicity (i. Scriptures. In sum: the Reformers directed their protest against the Roman Catholic Church not at the concept of catholicity but towards those unwarranted dogmas based on an appeal to human tradition rather than Scripture. What protests the Reformers made were ultimately lodged on behalf of the one holy catholic and apostolic church. The Reformers were persons of one book – and one church. Accordingly, they had a healthy respect for tradition and councils alike. Tradition at its best is the biblically sanctioned practice of handing on the good news of Jesus Christ received from the apostles (see 1 Cor. Th. 2: 1. 5, 3: 6). Having set apart certain written witnesses to the gospel to form the New Testament documents, the Spirit proceeded to guide (and continues to guide) the church into a right understanding of these foundational texts (John 1. While we repudiate the “traditions of men” (Mark 7: 8) – teachings that conflict with or have no clear basis in Scripture – we affirm tradition insofar as it refers to the church’s continuous attention to and deepening understanding of the apostolic teaching through time and across space. Such tradition is a vital means by which the Spirit ministers the truth of Scripture and causes it to pass into the consciousness and life of the global church. This consensual understanding was first formulated in the Rule of Faith, itself a summary of and orientation to the storyline and subject matter of Scripture. Tradition plays the role of (fallible) stream from Scripture’s (infallible) source, a moon to Scripture’s sun: what light it offers ultimately reflects the divine revelation in Scripture, which is materially sufficient (semper reformanda – “always reforming”). The Reformers acknowledged that church councils stand under the authority of Scripture, and can sometimes err. A conciliar decree is authoritative only insofar as it is true to Scripture. Yet, given the weight of orthodox judgment and catholic consensus, individuals and churches do well to follow the example of the Reformers and accept as faithful interpretations and entailments of Scripture the decisions of the councils of Nicaea (3. Constantinople (3. Ephesus (4. 31), and Chalcedon (4. Triune God and Jesus Christ. "My Boo" is a duet between American R&B singers Usher and Alicia Keys, written by Usher, Keys, Jermaine Dupri, Adonis Shropshire, and Manuel Seal, Jr. "Confessions Part II" is a song by R&B singer Usher, produced by Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox for Usher's fourth album Confessions. Written by Usher, Dupri.The Reformers earnestly affirmed, expounded, and elaborated what is implicit in these early creeds: that the Trinity is vital to the gospel and that the gospel presupposes the Trinity. The Reformers saw that the doctrine of the Trinity was theological shorthand for the whole economy of redemption: through faith alone (sola fide) in God’s Son alone (solus Christus), the Spirit of adoption enlarges the family of God, enabling those who have faith to become children of God (John 1: 1. God as Jesus did, crying “Abba, Father” (Rom. The catholicity of the Protestant Reformation is understood both in terms of its appropriation of creedal orthodoxy and its renewed appreciation for the centrality of God’s grace, uniqueness of Christ, and forgiveness of sins. The Nicene emphasis on the homoousios of the Son with the Father preserved the integrity of the gospel by clarifying the nature of its central character, answering Jesus’ own question, “Who do you say that I am?” by identifying him as “very God of very God” (the God of the gospel), healer of humanity and entryway into the divine life – the salvation of God (Luke 3: 6). Whereas Nicaea and Chalcedon focus on the integrity of the Son’s divinity and humanity for the sake of soteriology, the Protestant Reformers focus on God’s saving acts themselves, thus plumbing even greater depths of the good news that the triune God graciously communicates his own light and life in love with his “two hands,” Son and Spirit. The Reformers’ robust emphasis on the gospel as the saving activity of the triune God also led them to view the church as called forth by the gospel, a community of believers vitally united to Christ, and to one another, by the Spirit, through faith. In Christ, the church comprises a new humanity, the harbinger of the new creation. This conception of the church as an organic fellowship under the lordship of Christ, ruled by Scripture as his sufficient word and illumined by the Spirit, led the Reformers to correct certain misunderstandings and problematic practices of the church’s leadership, ministry, and sacraments. In sum, the Reformation was an appropriation and further development of the seminal patristic convictions presupposed by the Rule of Faith, the Apostles’ and Niceno- Constantinopolitan creeds, and the Chalcedonian definition, particularly as these clarified the doctrine of the Trinity and Incarnation, essential conditions for the integrity of the gospel. The solas (grace alone, faith alone, Scripture alone) enabled a deeper insight into the logic and substance of the gospel as well as the unique significance of the person and work of Jesus Christ and, as such, stand in continuity with the whole (catholic) church, even as they represent a genuine elaboration of faith’s understanding. The present problem. Critical voices describe sola scriptura as the “sin” of the Reformation, and the priesthood of all believers as Christianity’s dangerous idea. That individual interpreters can read the supreme authority of faith and life for themselves unleashed interpretive anarchy on the world, it is claimed. The Virgin Mary, Nov 19, 2011 in Locutions to the World (see Entry 26) Mary "Why do I shout from the housetops? Yes that is what I am doing. My words go forth by. Ouça músicas do artista Usher. Músicas nacionais e internacionais para você ouvir, ler e se divertir. Cifras, traduções, e muito mais. The Manly Doctors babble on and on about foundation cracks, Mt. Gay Rum, mojitos, Liszt, Bach, Tubal-Cain, rock stars, cigar smoking, small-town cops with too much. 1. Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd, son of Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain Gwynedd Prince of North Wales and Marared ferch Madog ap Maredudd, was born about 1173 in. The historical record is irrefutable: Protestants disagreed amongst themselves and begat not one but many church families and traditions. We acknowledge that Protestants have not always handled doctrinal and interpretive differences in a spirit of charity and humility, but in making common confession, as we here do, we challenge the idea that every difference or denominational distinction necessarily leads to division. It is a fallacy to argue that the divisions that followed from the Reformation were its inevitable consequences. The accidental truths of European history should never become necessary conclusions about the spirit of Protestantism. Nevertheless, it is particularly to be regretted that the early Protestant Reformers were unable to achieve an altogether common mind, in particular as concerns the doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. The Holy Spirit II Spiritual Gifts Leon L. Combs, Ph.D. The author started putting this together 6/15/2002 However, the notes go back at least 15 years. PDH Basic Content Online Streaming. Radio 40th Birthday A/C: 031643-At The Circus (Alan Hale) A/C: 120943-English Butler (Arthur Treabbott-her) ADWJ: 020645. David Niven Junior: The truth about Dad's deathbed confession. By Helen Weathers for the Daily Mail Updated: 06:02 EDT, 27 June 2009. We believe these divisive doctrinal disagreements stemmed not from the fundamental principles of the Reformation, but from their imperfect application due to human finitude, fallibility, and the vagaries of historical and political circumstance. Nor can we deny that they sometimes succumbed to the ever- present temptations of pride, prejudice, and impatience. Our “reforming catholic” (“mere Protestant”) aim“Is Christ divided?” (1 Cor. Various sixteenth- century Protestant groups – including Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, and some Anabaptists – produced confessions that not only demarcated their respective identities but also, and more crucially, established their catholic bona fides. In view of their catholic credentials, the common notion that Protestants are theological innovators who are hopelessly divided over doctrine because of a lack of centralized authority is an unwarranted caricature. On the contrary: as mere Protestants, we all acknowledge the Triune God of the gospel and the gospel of the triune God, including the supremacy of the Lord Jesus Christ and the biblical testimony about him. While we continue to disagree about the particular form and content of certain doctrines, we together affirm God’s Word as the singular and ultimate authority to which we must all submit our respective interpretations for judgment. Confessions Part II - Wikipedia"Confessions Part II" is a song by R& B singer Usher, produced by Jermaine Dupri and Bryan- Michael Cox for Usher's fourth album Confessions. Written by Usher, Dupri and Cox, the song is a confession of a man to his woman about his impregnated mistress, a continuation of "Confessions Part I" which relates to a man's infidelity. Its personal content evoked rumors and early responses from the public even before its release, believing that Usher was asserting the truth; however, Dupri divulged that the story behind the album is his and Usher explained that he only took inspiration from his friends' similar experiences."Confessions Part II" received mixed reviews from critics. The song was released as the third single from the album, following the success of "Burn". The single reached number one on Billboard Hot 1. Internationally, the single had lesser success than the album's previous releases. Background and release[edit]When he started working on his fourth studio album Confessions after the release of his 2. Usher chose not to branch out much with musical collaborators; instead, he chose to continue creating music with his previous producers. He again enlisted producer- songwriter Jermaine Dupri, who had produced songs for Usher's two previous albums. Dupri approached Bryan- Michael Cox, asking him to become a collaborator. Cox has been a frequent partner of Dupri who had produced hits for Usher as well. Like "Burn", the second single from the album, Dupri and Cox conversed about a situation, creating the idea of the prospective song. However, they were concerned because they needed somebody to write such a song and they never thought Usher would do it. The concept became "Confessions".[1]Usher started recording the song on July 2. New York City. One day, before the night was over, Usher was singing about impregnating a mistress and becoming displeased, having found that she is three months pregnant. The theme of cheating inspired him and Dupri, and they then decided to produce two parts of "Confessions": Part I and Part II.[2] Usher said that the former is a "dramatization where a guy confesses all the stuff he's been doing" against his woman.[2] The latter speaks of impregnating a mistress. While Confessions was still in production, Usher promised "real talk" in it.[2][3] He decided "to let it all hang out by singing about some of his own little secrets, as well as a few bones from his homies' skeleton- filled closets."[1] He explained: "All of us have our Pandora's boxes or skeletons in our closets. I let a few of them out, you know. I've got a lot to say. I've got a lot of things and stuff built in me that I just want to let go of."[4] He further noted that, for the most part, the album's subject matter is "very personal".[5] Dupri expected people to question some of the personal lyrics they associated in the song.[2]"Confessions Part II" was released as the third single from the album, following "Burn". The single was released in the United States as a 1. August 2. 4, 2. 00. It was released in Germany on October 1. Australia on October 2. Whatever I Want".[7][8] In the United Kingdom, it was a double A- side with "My Boo", the fourth single from the album. It was released in the country on December 2. January 1. 8, 2. 00. Lyrical interpretation[edit]Usher held few listening parties for the album prior to its release.[1. Shortly after, people came up with different interpretations of "Confessions Part II", among other personal songs in the album. In 2. 00. 3, Usher's two- year relationship with TLC's Chilli was going to "flame- out", which partly contributed to the concept of "Burn".[1. They finally broke up early in 2. They referred to the song speaking about Usher's "infidelity" to Chilli.[2][1. Alongside the "cheating" rumors, the public inferred from the lyrics that Usher had impregnated a mistress in real life.[1. Usher, however, emphasized that he was not in a relationship and "got another girl pregnant" and he was singing a "character".[1. The similarity of situations he faced before and experiences of his friends collectively inspired him to write the song.[1. In the middle of rumors, Dupri admitted that the stories behind the songs in the album are his. He stated, "me cheating on my steady girlfriend, having a baby with that other woman and having to confess to everything that happened to my main girl."[1. Behind rumors, Usher refuted in an interview with MTV News: People assume things, because as I said, I pull from my personal experiences to make my music .. I never experienced [fathering a child outside of a relationship] firsthand, but it's something I wanted to talk about .. As I said, I have a few deep, dark ones that I've kept stowed away in a closet for a minute .. That's why I take this time to speak to you guys and let you know really what it is .. I will tell you that I loved [Chilli] a lot and she obviously loved me; it just didn't work out. But cheating is not what caused the relationship to collide and crash. That ain't what broke it up.[2][1. Composition[edit]"Confessions Part II" is an R& B song composed in the key of F minor. Set in common time, the song is performed with a moderate groove. The song follows the chord progression of D♭maj. E♭- Fm. 7, and Usher's voice spans from the low note of E♭4 to the high note of f. The lyrics are constructed in the inverted chorus- verse form. There are four choruses and two verses, and then a break between the third and final chorus which Usher speaks the lyrics. The lyrics of "Confessions Part II" centers on a confession about impregnating a mistress.[1. For the prelude, Usher tells his significant other that he impregnated his mistress. Confessions Part II" apologizes what he had done in part one.[1. Usher said of the song that right after he confessed with his real woman, he hoped she would still give him a chance.[1. Dupri said that "Confessions Part II" is one of the songs which speak about breakups in relationships.[2]Reception[edit]Many critics found the song intriguing and came up with interpretations of it as well. Andrew Mc. Gregor of the BBC questioned if "Confessions Part II", as well as "Truth Hurts", are only "mere theatre" or telling the truth.[1. Laura Sinagra of Rolling Stone focuses on how Usher admits in the song about impregnating a mistress.[1. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented that Usher was at an age when "getting his 'chick on the side'" seemed appropriate.[1. Outside of rumors, Jem Aswad of Entertainment Weekly said that the best songs from the album were "Confessions Part II" and "Burn", which he described as having smooth melodies.[1. Matt Cibula of Popmatters said of the flow of the concept does not work. He pointed out that in the second part, Usher claims he "barely knows the other lady", while in the first part, he already said that she was his ex- girlfriend. He furthered called it the "wimpiest" song on the theme of the album.[1. Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times called it a "tricky infidelity narrative".[1. Confessions Part II" was nominated for Best R& B/Soul, Male at the 2. Soul Train Music Awards.[2. At the 2. 00. 5 American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Pop Music Awards, Dupri received the ASCAP Golden Note Award for co- writing the song, alongside his many achievements and contributions to American popular music. British record company EMI was recognized as Publisher of the Year for the song, including "Burn" and songs by Alicia Keys, Beyoncé Knowles, Britney Spears.[2. Chart performance[edit]"Confessions Part II" lived up to the success of its predecessors in the United States, though not as overwhelmingly. The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 1. Yeah!" and "Burn" did, while "Yeah!" was still at the top of the chart and "Burn" at number three.[2. It peaked at number one on July 2. Burn"'s eighth non- consecutive chart run,[2. It failed to match the number of days at top spot of the previous two releases, and remained on the top ten for 1. The single left the chart after 2. The single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on for reaching half a million shipments. Internationally, "Confessions Part II" had lesser success. The single debuted at number five in Australia, becoming its highest entry, and failed to reach a higher position. The single reached number five in the United Kingdom, peaked at number seven in Ireland, and below top ten in the Netherlands and France,[2. Music video[edit]. Usher isolated in a low lighting room, sat on a chair. The music video of "Confessions Part II" was co- directed by Usher and music video director Chris Robinson, who also directed the video for the album's fourth single, "My Boo". Confessions (Interlude)" serves as the opening of the video. Set in a studio, Usher receives a phone message and finds out that he impregnated his mistress. After he speaks the spoken section of the interlude and gets in a car, "Confessions Part II" proceeds. Usher is set in a dark lit room, with only one chair. He occasionally shows a large ring on his ring finger. In the middle of the video, he lies on a piano and in his imagination, his woman and mistress are beside him. The next scene shows Usher in a brown car singing, goes out and kneels before his woman to confess. She refuses to listen and slaps Usher, then leaves and he becomes shirtless. Alone, Usher stands in front of a wide mirror, which breaks into pieces accompanied by a roaring sound, ending the same way "Confessions Part II" started, with him sitting on a chair. The music video successfully charted on video programs. It debuted on MTV's Total Request Live on June 2. Burn".[2. 6] The music video reached number one on the countdown, and retired on September 1. Like "Yeah!", "Confessions Part II" video remained on TRL for 5.
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